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Human Anatomy

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The Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
  • The abdomen is the part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvis.
  • It has a musculotendinous wall except posteriorly where it includes the lumber vertebrae and intervertebral disks.
  • The abdominal cavity is the space bounded by the abdominal walls, diaphragm and pelvis.
    • The four planes are:
      1. Two Mid-clavicular Plane
      2. Transtubercular Plane
      3. Subcostal Plane

    The abdominal cavity is divided into nine regions by four planes.
  • The nine regions are:
1. Right Hypochondrial
2. Left Hypochondrial
3. Epigastric
4. Right Lumber
5. Left Lumber
6. Umblical
7. Right Iliac
8. Left Iliac
9. Hypogastrium


Human Anatomy - Dr.Rufus
  • The abdominal cavity is also divided into four quadrants by two planes for general clinical description.
  • The Quadrants are:
1. Upper Right
2. Upper Left
3. Lower Right
4. Lower Left
  • The Planes are:
1. Median Plane
2. Transumbalicus
Human Anatomy - Dr.Rufus


  • The abdominal wall is divided into:
    • Anterolateral wall
    • Posterior wall
  • The anterolateral wall is bounded:
    • Superiorly by cartlages of the 7th ~ 10th ribs and the xiphoid process.
    • Inferiorly by the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone.
  • The subcutaneous tissue of the anterolateral wall, superficial fascia, is composed out of two layers:
    • Camper's Fascia (Fat layer)
    • Scarpa's Fascia (Membranous layer)
  • The anterolateral wall has no deep fascia.
  • Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall:
    • Three flat muscles:
      • External oblique muscle:
        • Most superficial
        • Fiber direction is inferomdially
        • Fibers interdigitate with serratus anterior
      • Internal oblique muscle:
        • Intermediate
        • Fibers are at right angle to external oblique
      • Transverse abdominal muscle:
        • Innermost
        • Fiber direction is horizontal
    • Two vertical muscles:
      • Rectus Abdominis:
        • Enclosed in rectus
        • sheeth has three tendenous intersections
      • Pyramidalis
Human Anatomy - Dr.Rufus
  • The flat muscles are anteriorly in an aponeuroses and each apenuroses interlace at the linae alba from each side to form the rectus sheath.
  • The linae alba is a fibrous band running variable distance superior to pelvic symphysis.

  • Rectus sheath formation:

Anterior Wall Posterior Wall
1st Part (Above the costal margin) External Oblique Muscle Thoracic Wall 5th, 6th & 7th costal cartlage.
2nd Part (Costal Margin to Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
  • Exterior Oblique Muscle
  • Anterior Internal Oblique Muscle

  • Posterior Internal Oblique
  • Transverse Abdominal Muscle

3rd Part (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to Pubis)
  • External Oblique Muscle
  • Internal Oblique Muscle
  • Transverse Abdominal Muscle

  • Absent
  • Rectus abdominis is in direct contact with transversalis fascia

  • Internal Oblique in the second part splits into two parts which enclose rectus abdominis.
  • The 3rd part is a weak point because all three of the apeneurosis of the flat muscles pass anteriorly to rectus abdominis muscle.
  • At the level of the anterior superior iliac spine the posterior wall has a free curved lower border called the arcuate line.
  • Rectus sheath contents:
    • Rectus abdominis muscle
    • Pyrimidalis
    • Superior epigastric artery
    • Inferior epigastric artery
    • Lymphatic vessels
    • Terminal portions of the anterior primary rami of the spinal nerve from T7 to T12.


  • Functions of the Anterolateral Abdominal Muscles:
    • Support for the abdominal wall.
    • Protect abdominal viscera from injuries.
    • Oppose or assist the diaphragm in compressing the abdominal organs.
    • Move the trunk and maintain the posture.
  • Nerve Supply of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:
    • Thoracoabdominal Nerves
    • Subcostal Nerves
    • Illiohypogastric Nerve
    • Illioinguinal Nerve
  • Blood Supply of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:
    • Superior Epigstric Vessels branch of the internal thoracic vessels
    • Inferior Epigastric Vessels branch of the external iliac vessels
    • Deep Circumflex Iliac Vessels
    • Superficial Circumflex Iliac Vessels
    • Superficial Epigastric Vessels
    • Anterior & Collateral branches of the posterior intercostals Vessels
    • Branches of the musculopherenic Vessels
  • The superficial lymphatic vessels accompany the subcutaneous veins
  • Lymphatic vessels superior to the umbilicus drain to the axillary lymph nodes.
  • Lymphatic vessels inferior to the umbilicus drain to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
  • The deep lymphatic vessels accompany the deep veins and drain to the external iliac, common iliac, internal thoracic and lumber lymph nodes.

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Latest page update: made by dr.rufusrajadurai , Oct 8 2007, 12:13 PM EDT (about this update About This Update dr.rufusrajadurai Edited by dr.rufusrajadurai

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